Arterial Blood Gas Collection: The Complete Phlebotomy Guide
Arterial blood gas (ABG) collection is among the most critical phlebotomy procedures. Improper technique leads to inaccurate results that directly impact critical care decisions.
Safety and Infection Control
ABG collection carries elevated needlestick risk due to patient movement during arterial puncture. Use highest-level PPE, employ safety-engineered devices, and follow OSHA bloodborne pathogen standards rigorously.
Site Selection Priority
Radial artery is the gold standard (75% of collections). Alternatives: femoral (reserved for emergency), brachial (secondary), pedal (last resort). Always perform Allen test before radial collection to ensure adequate collateral circulation.
Collection Technique
Palpate artery at 45-degree angle, insert needle with bevel up, expect pulsatile blood flow. Collect 1-2 mL minimum. Immediately expel air bubbles (oxygen contamination affects results). Cap specimen and transport on ice within 15 minutes to maintain CO2 accuracy.
Common Collection Errors
Air bubbles in specimen, delayed icing, venous contamination (dark blood = failure), heparin dilution, and improper labeling cause 40% of ABG rejects. Quality assurance requires perfect technique.